The shower scene is the key scene Essay Example

The shower scene is the key scene Essay Many film directors would agree that there is no such thing as a film capable of having an impact on the world. Whether this is true or not filmmakers still try to produce films that have an enormous impact. Very few succeed. One such film that did was Psycho. Psycho went into another dimension in terms of its content. No one had ever tried to make a film which covered the areas that Psycho covered. Alfred Hitchcock had to use his forty years of experience to put across his ideas but not make the film pornographic or too violent. It is impossible to recreate the experience for the audiences that first experienced Psycho when it first came out.This was one of the most famous and daring pieces of film to be made in that era. Nobody would ever have thought about making such a film because the censors would almost certainly ban it. The shower scene is the key scene because this is the scene in which the psycho strikes first. It is also the end of what at first seems to be the main charac ter, Marion Crane. Because this is the main scene and also the most controversial scene, Alfred Hitchcock filmed it over seven days for only two minutes forty seconds worth of film. There were about seventy different camera angles in the scene. Hitchcock had to consider the censors, which meant that he had to make sure that he kept the content of nudity and violence down to a minimum. This was because at the time the censors were very strict and would not allow the film if it contained too much explicit material. Hitchcock had used several scenes prior to the shower scene to build up the relationship between Marion and Norman Bates.When Marion first meets Norman you instantly feel that there is something that is going to happen in the scenes to follow. Marions attractiveness makes her an obsessive target for Norman. Marions last name of Crane refers to the graceful, long-limbed bird of the same name, which makes her seem innocent and vulnerable. From the outset of their meeting, she maintains the social control by her sexual effect on Norman. Even so she still gets drawn into his office, Marion has entered the world of Norman Bates, with no way out. From Normans fascination with bird taxidermy you feel that there is another side to Norman and that all is not what it seems. The taxidermy is simply there to distract Norman away from his other personality. Though Norman may seem suspicious Marion still begins talking to him about her troubles. Marion implies to him how she has problems and that that she has to return home to deal responsibly with a serious mistake. Norman sternly expressed, were all in our private traps that never budge an inch. He should know, with the imprint of his long dead mother on the bed covers, though hes the only one living in the house. This indicates that Norman is farther down the road of helplessness than Marion, probably so far in fact that he is at the point of no return.Even though Marion is in a difficult situation she still has chance to put things right whereas Norman doesnt. Once Marion and Norman have finished talking Marion goes to her room. She begins to get ready to have a shower. Norman remains in his office where he perversely removes a picture from the wall of his office and spies on her through a purposely-drilled hole into her room. He sees her going into the shower so he goes back to his house. This is the first time in the film in which we clearly see the other side to Normans personality. This is where we first see his mother.During the shower scene Alfred Hitchcock uses many filming and sound techniques to get the best sequence across to the audience, without making it too violent, so that the censors could not ban the film. Hitchcock used seventy-eight camera angles to achieve the best possible murder scene. He also used many different types of camera shots to add to the effect of the scene. He varied the lengths of the shots to give a more frantic feel to the scene, such as a close-up clo sely followed by a medium close up. This especially happens during the murder in the shower.When Marion walks into the bathroom she rips up her notes and flushes them down the toilet. This was another step into new territory for Hitchcock, as it was not felt decent to flush a toilet on film. It also symbolises that Marion is flushing her problems away. She then steps into the shower. For the first time in the scene the music has now stopped and all we can hear is the sound of the water from the shower.We then see a shot of the showerhead with water pouring out but somehow missing the camera. This shot took much thinking to overcome the fact that Alfred Hitchcock did not want the water to go onto the camera lens. To achieve this shoot the middle holes of the showerhead had to be blocked so that the camera would not get wet but the water would fall around the camera to get the impression that we are in the shower with Marion. This makes us feel that we are a much greater part of the s cene.We then see her washing herself in the water. This is symbolic of her washing her sins away. The camera then moves round so that we can see the curtain. This is a key shot as this enables us to see the psycho enter the room. At first we cannot see that the psycho has a knife because we only have a translucent view through the curtain. But as he moves closer we feel that Marion is in great danger.The psycho quickly pulls back the curtain. We then see a silhouette of the psycho with the knife raised. Even though the psycho is in silhouette we can just make out that it has an old ladies haircut. This immediately makes us feel that it wasnt Norman (the audience now feels confused as they have seen Norman spying on Marion but yet someone else has killed her). The scene is filmed so well that people actually believed that they saw the knife go into Marion when it really never touched her. Some clever editing and some knife shots followed by shots of skin then showing some blood achie ved this and the sharp, high pitched notes in the music which add to the effect of the knife penetrating deep into Marions flesh. Simple but very effective. The camera shots are filmed in such a way that we feel that we are actually in the shower with her when this is all happening. This makes us feel very helpless and the fact that we feel we are so close but are actually so far.After Marion has been stabbed several times she begins to fall to the ground. This is when the psycho leaves. We get a close up shot of Marions eye, and this is when it really hits us that she has been kills. Yet again you feel so helpless and that you almost feel guilty for not helping her. This was a great bit of directing by Hitchcock because it really involves the audience with the film and makes them feel responsible for the characters. We see it leave through the door and it appears to be a female or at least dressed like a female. Marion then she slides down the shower wall. She then falls, gripping and tearing off the shower curtain, her last protection.Throughout the shower scene the psychos identity is kept uncertain. This adds an uncertainty in the minds of the audience. At first you think that it is Norman, but even then he seems pleasant and gentlemanly. Perhaps he seems too nice? Then when you see that it is a woman who kills her you just cant be sure. It is very clever they way that you are not shown the face of the psycho. This is the key to not revealing his identity.Psycho was not only filmed incredibly well, but it had a fantastic storyline. No matter how good the directing or the acting is you need a good story line and script. Psycho had this. It had good characters, irony, humour, repetitions, imagery and a great piece of music.The characters that we see in Psycho are created firstly by a writer then interpreted by the cast and actors who play the roles. Although this may seem obvious, the way that the actors interpret the characters can make or break a film. The re are many different parts that an actor has to consider before his/her character is complete. Although there werent very many characters in Psycho they were all very different, with different thoughts and personalities. At many times during Psycho we feel sorry for the characters or want to help them or warn them of danger. This is due to the fact that we know more than the characters and feel as though we should warn them.Another aspect of a good film is the irony in it. Irony is created when the audience knows more about the events than the characters do. This means that they can anticipate what is going to happen. It can also occur when something has more significance the second time it is seen or heard because it seems to hint on what may happen in the film at a later stage. There were many different occasions where irony occurred in Psycho. One such instance was when the traffic cop told Marion that, there are plenty of motels in this areaI meanjust to be safe. Then that nigh t Marion books into the Bates Motel and ends up being murdered. That was just one of the many cases of irony that have been put into the script. You may not realise they are there first time but when you watch the film a second time you can see how much time has been put in by the script writers.Although Psycho doesnt have much humour in it, mainly due to the fact that it is a serious horror movie, there are still parts of the film that makes you smile. One instance is the part where Arbogast the detective is murdered and falls down the stairs. It seems funny now but it would of almost certainly not have been funny when the film first came out. It makes us laugh because of the way they try to make him look as though he is actually falling down the stairs. It may have looked realistic at the time but compared to the special effects and stunts that can be done in todays films it does not look realistic at all.Not only was the filming and acting good in Psycho but it also had a great s ound track. It really suited the film and added so much extra tension. It was written by Bernard Herman and really I think that he must take some of the credit of the success of the film. It was such a thrilling piece of music that caught the imaginations of many people. Every time Marion became worried or was in danger the music would begin. This was almost like a signal to tell us that something is going to happen. Not only was the music a signal to the audience but it also added tension to the scenes. The Psycho music will always be remembered almost as much as the film itself and will almost certainly be one of the most famous pieces of horror music ever composed.Alfred Hitchcock had to be very careful of what he filmed in Psycho because of the censors. At that period in time they were very strict on what they would allow in the public cinemas. This was a problem for Hitchcock and so he had to edit some of the scenes like the shower scene in particular in such a way that the cen sors would allow it. In the shower scene he had to make sure that he did not show the knife actually going into the body, yet he still wanted to give the impression that that was happening. He used a combination of frantic shot variation, high-pitched jerky music, shots of flesh and shots of blood to give the impression to the audience that they were actually seeing the knife going into Marions body. The first time Hitchcock submitted the film to the censors he knew it would be rejected as he had made it very violent. This was part of his plan. He knew that if he put an extra violent version of the film into the censors first the not so violent one would seem more acceptable. His plan worked and Psycho was allowed.Now that the film had been accepted Hitchcock just had to promote it. He knew that he needed as much publicity as possible to get the crowds in to watch his film. To do this he wanted to keep the story of the film a secret so that once people had watched it they would not tell others and spoil the experience for them. It would also make people curious to what was happening in the film and attract them to watch. To keep the secrecy of the film the actors had to swear an oath of secrecy on the first day of filming and Hitchcock refused and Paramount photographers onto the set to take publicity shots. Hitchcock made a series or misleading interviews to the press to confuse and to gain curiosity throughout the public. At one stage he told a reporter that he was actually filming a version of the Greek myth of Psyche, then told another, Its the story of a young man whose mother is a homicidal manic. This was another of Hitchcocks ploys to gain publicity for the film. At the end of the film there was a short film where Alfred Hitchcock would tell the audience not to reveal the ending to the film because its the only one weve got. He tried very hard to make the pubic feel as though they were a part of the publicity strategy.Many people think Psycho was the g reatest film ever. I dont. It may have been a great film for its time, with its terrific amounts of suspense, irony and horror, but with the amount of special effects, technology and money that goes into todays films, I feel that there are many films better than Psycho. When Psycho came out it was a scary film. But compared to todays horror films such as Scream. Even films that are not aimed at horror such as Blade contain more violence and blood than Psycho did. Its all down to the censors. With the censors being less strict the directors have more flexibility with what they can put into there films.Another point that helped Psycho become a successful film was the amount of hype and expectation that was brought about by Hitchcocks short trailers that he broadcasted before the film was released. This added to the expectations and anticipations about the film in the publics eye. Hitchcock used his great experience to give huge amounts of suspense to the film. This added to the horror of such events as the shower scene and the lead up to the Bates motel. Much time and effort was out in by Hitchcock and the cast to get the suspense, horror and irony into such scenes as the shower scene.There is such a huge amount of suspense in Hitchcocks films that he was given the title, the master of suspense. This gave many of his films an edge that many directors could not achieve. Even though I dont feel that Psycho was the best film ever, I do think that it will always be remembered as a classic horror film which is mainly due to Alfred Hitchcock, the mater of suspense. The shower scene is the key scene Essay Example The shower scene is the key scene Essay Many film directors would agree that there is no such thing as a film capable of having an impact on the world. Whether this is true or not filmmakers still try to produce films that have an enormous impact. Very few succeed. One such film that did was Psycho. Psycho went into another dimension in terms of its content. No one had ever tried to make a film which covered the areas that Psycho covered. Alfred Hitchcock had to use his forty years of experience to put across his ideas but not make the film pornographic or too violent. It is impossible to recreate the experience for the audiences that first experienced Psycho when it first came out.This was one of the most famous and daring pieces of film to be made in that era. Nobody would ever have thought about making such a film because the censors would almost certainly ban it. The shower scene is the key scene because this is the scene in which the psycho strikes first. It is also the end of what at first seems to be the main charac ter, Marion Crane. Because this is the main scene and also the most controversial scene, Alfred Hitchcock filmed it over seven days for only two minutes forty seconds worth of film. There were about seventy different camera angles in the scene. Hitchcock had to consider the censors, which meant that he had to make sure that he kept the content of nudity and violence down to a minimum. This was because at the time the censors were very strict and would not allow the film if it contained too much explicit material. Hitchcock had used several scenes prior to the shower scene to build up the relationship between Marion and Norman Bates.When Marion first meets Norman you instantly feel that there is something that is going to happen in the scenes to follow. Marions attractiveness makes her an obsessive target for Norman. Marions last name of Crane refers to the graceful, long-limbed bird of the same name, which makes her seem innocent and vulnerable. From the outset of their meeting, she maintains the social control by her sexual effect on Norman. Even so she still gets drawn into his office, Marion has entered the world of Norman Bates, with no way out. From Normans fascination with bird taxidermy you feel that there is another side to Norman and that all is not what it seems. The taxidermy is simply there to distract Norman away from his other personality. Though Norman may seem suspicious Marion still begins talking to him about her troubles. Marion implies to him how she has problems and that that she has to return home to deal responsibly with a serious mistake. Norman sternly expressed, were all in our private traps that never budge an inch. He should know, with the imprint of his long dead mother on the bed covers, though hes the only one living in the house. This indicates that Norman is farther down the road of helplessness than Marion, probably so far in fact that he is at the point of no return.Even though Marion is in a difficult situation she still has chance to put things right whereas Norman doesnt. Once Marion and Norman have finished talking Marion goes to her room. She begins to get ready to have a shower. Norman remains in his office where he perversely removes a picture from the wall of his office and spies on her through a purposely-drilled hole into her room. He sees her going into the shower so he goes back to his house. This is the first time in the film in which we clearly see the other side to Normans personality. This is where we first see his mother.During the shower scene Alfred Hitchcock uses many filming and sound techniques to get the best sequence across to the audience, without making it too violent, so that the censors could not ban the film. Hitchcock used seventy-eight camera angles to achieve the best possible murder scene. He also used many different types of camera shots to add to the effect of the scene. He varied the lengths of the shots to give a more frantic feel to the scene, such as a close-up clo sely followed by a medium close up. This especially happens during the murder in the shower.When Marion walks into the bathroom she rips up her notes and flushes them down the toilet. This was another step into new territory for Hitchcock, as it was not felt decent to flush a toilet on film. It also symbolises that Marion is flushing her problems away. She then steps into the shower. For the first time in the scene the music has now stopped and all we can hear is the sound of the water from the shower.We then see a shot of the showerhead with water pouring out but somehow missing the camera. This shot took much thinking to overcome the fact that Alfred Hitchcock did not want the water to go onto the camera lens. To achieve this shoot the middle holes of the showerhead had to be blocked so that the camera would not get wet but the water would fall around the camera to get the impression that we are in the shower with Marion. This makes us feel that we are a much greater part of the s cene.We then see her washing herself in the water. This is symbolic of her washing her sins away. The camera then moves round so that we can see the curtain. This is a key shot as this enables us to see the psycho enter the room. At first we cannot see that the psycho has a knife because we only have a translucent view through the curtain. But as he moves closer we feel that Marion is in great danger.The psycho quickly pulls back the curtain. We then see a silhouette of the psycho with the knife raised. Even though the psycho is in silhouette we can just make out that it has an old ladies haircut. This immediately makes us feel that it wasnt Norman (the audience now feels confused as they have seen Norman spying on Marion but yet someone else has killed her). The scene is filmed so well that people actually believed that they saw the knife go into Marion when it really never touched her. Some clever editing and some knife shots followed by shots of skin then showing some blood achie ved this and the sharp, high pitched notes in the music which add to the effect of the knife penetrating deep into Marions flesh. Simple but very effective. The camera shots are filmed in such a way that we feel that we are actually in the shower with her when this is all happening. This makes us feel very helpless and the fact that we feel we are so close but are actually so far.After Marion has been stabbed several times she begins to fall to the ground. This is when the psycho leaves. We get a close up shot of Marions eye, and this is when it really hits us that she has been kills. Yet again you feel so helpless and that you almost feel guilty for not helping her. This was a great bit of directing by Hitchcock because it really involves the audience with the film and makes them feel responsible for the characters. We see it leave through the door and it appears to be a female or at least dressed like a female. Marion then she slides down the shower wall. She then falls, gripping and tearing off the shower curtain, her last protection.Throughout the shower scene the psychos identity is kept uncertain. This adds an uncertainty in the minds of the audience. At first you think that it is Norman, but even then he seems pleasant and gentlemanly. Perhaps he seems too nice? Then when you see that it is a woman who kills her you just cant be sure. It is very clever they way that you are not shown the face of the psycho. This is the key to not revealing his identity.Psycho was not only filmed incredibly well, but it had a fantastic storyline. No matter how good the directing or the acting is you need a good story line and script. Psycho had this. It had good characters, irony, humour, repetitions, imagery and a great piece of music.The characters that we see in Psycho are created firstly by a writer then interpreted by the cast and actors who play the roles. Although this may seem obvious, the way that the actors interpret the characters can make or break a film. The re are many different parts that an actor has to consider before his/her character is complete. Although there werent very many characters in Psycho they were all very different, with different thoughts and personalities. At many times during Psycho we feel sorry for the characters or want to help them or warn them of danger. This is due to the fact that we know more than the characters and feel as though we should warn them.Another aspect of a good film is the irony in it. Irony is created when the audience knows more about the events than the characters do. This means that they can anticipate what is going to happen. It can also occur when something has more significance the second time it is seen or heard because it seems to hint on what may happen in the film at a later stage. There were many different occasions where irony occurred in Psycho. One such instance was when the traffic cop told Marion that, there are plenty of motels in this areaI meanjust to be safe. Then that nigh t Marion books into the Bates Motel and ends up being murdered. That was just one of the many cases of irony that have been put into the script. You may not realise they are there first time but when you watch the film a second time you can see how much time has been put in by the script writers.Although Psycho doesnt have much humour in it, mainly due to the fact that it is a serious horror movie, there are still parts of the film that makes you smile. One instance is the part where Arbogast the detective is murdered and falls down the stairs. It seems funny now but it would of almost certainly not have been funny when the film first came out. It makes us laugh because of the way they try to make him look as though he is actually falling down the stairs. It may have looked realistic at the time but compared to the special effects and stunts that can be done in todays films it does not look realistic at all.Not only was the filming and acting good in Psycho but it also had a great s ound track. It really suited the film and added so much extra tension. It was written by Bernard Herman and really I think that he must take some of the credit of the success of the film. It was such a thrilling piece of music that caught the imaginations of many people. Every time Marion became worried or was in danger the music would begin. This was almost like a signal to tell us that something is going to happen. Not only was the music a signal to the audience but it also added tension to the scenes. The Psycho music will always be remembered almost as much as the film itself and will almost certainly be one of the most famous pieces of horror music ever composed.Alfred Hitchcock had to be very careful of what he filmed in Psycho because of the censors. At that period in time they were very strict on what they would allow in the public cinemas. This was a problem for Hitchcock and so he had to edit some of the scenes like the shower scene in particular in such a way that the cen sors would allow it. In the shower scene he had to make sure that he did not show the knife actually going into the body, yet he still wanted to give the impression that that was happening. He used a combination of frantic shot variation, high-pitched jerky music, shots of flesh and shots of blood to give the impression to the audience that they were actually seeing the knife going into Marions body. The first time Hitchcock submitted the film to the censors he knew it would be rejected as he had made it very violent. This was part of his plan. He knew that if he put an extra violent version of the film into the censors first the not so violent one would seem more acceptable. His plan worked and Psycho was allowed.Now that the film had been accepted Hitchcock just had to promote it. He knew that he needed as much publicity as possible to get the crowds in to watch his film. To do this he wanted to keep the story of the film a secret so that once people had watched it they would not tell others and spoil the experience for them. It would also make people curious to what was happening in the film and attract them to watch. To keep the secrecy of the film the actors had to swear an oath of secrecy on the first day of filming and Hitchcock refused and Paramount photographers onto the set to take publicity shots. Hitchcock made a series or misleading interviews to the press to confuse and to gain curiosity throughout the public. At one stage he told a reporter that he was actually filming a version of the Greek myth of Psyche, then told another, Its the story of a young man whose mother is a homicidal manic. This was another of Hitchcocks ploys to gain publicity for the film. At the end of the film there was a short film where Alfred Hitchcock would tell the audience not to reveal the ending to the film because its the only one weve got. He tried very hard to make the pubic feel as though they were a part of the publicity strategy.Many people think Psycho was the g reatest film ever. I dont. It may have been a great film for its time, with its terrific amounts of suspense, irony and horror, but with the amount of special effects, technology and money that goes into todays films, I feel that there are many films better than Psycho. When Psycho came out it was a scary film. But compared to todays horror films such as Scream. Even films that are not aimed at horror such as Blade contain more violence and blood than Psycho did. Its all down to the censors. With the censors being less strict the directors have more flexibility with what they can put into there films.Another point that helped Psycho become a successful film was the amount of hype and expectation that was brought about by Hitchcocks short trailers that he broadcasted before the film was released. This added to the expectations and anticipations about the film in the publics eye. Hitchcock used his great experience to give huge amounts of suspense to the film. This added to the horror of such events as the shower scene and the lead up to the Bates motel. Much time and effort was out in by Hitchcock and the cast to get the suspense, horror and irony into such scenes as the shower scene.There is such a huge amount of suspense in Hitchcocks films that he was given the title, the master of suspense. This gave many of his films an edge that many directors could not achieve. Even though I dont feel that Psycho was the best film ever, I do think that it will always be remembered as a classic horror film which is mainly due to Alfred Hitchcock, the mater of suspense.

America essays

America essays The events that occurred in Derry on January 30 1972 became known as bloody Sunday. Why have these events produced such different historical interpretations? I will refer to different sources to assist in answering this question. Segregation was and still is a major problem in Northern Ireland, tensions between Catholics and Protestants grew. It was seen that Catholics were being treated unfairly. Housing unemployment and political inequalities led Catholic students to establish the civil rights movement as a form of protest. This movement was met with hostility by some elements of the protestant community who thought it was a method of interfering with Northern Ireland issues. The main method of protesting was marches, when these were attacked some of the marches became violent the police have been accused of taking sides in these clashes. On January 30, 1972, soldiers from the British Army's 1st Parachute Regiment opened fire on civilian demonstrators in the Bogside, Derry, Ireland, near the Rossville flats, killing 13 and wounding a number of others. One wounded man later died from illness attributed to that shooting. The march, which was called to protest internment, was "illegal" according to British government authorities. Internment without trial was introduced by the British government on August 9, 1971. A different version of events was established from the troubles of the civil rights march, the families of the victims along with many other people assured that the victims of bloody Sunday were innocent source b an article taken from the guardian claims The victim were innocent the families of the victims are fueled in there anger by evidence from the saville inquiry that one victim of the shootings Jim Wray was lying on the ground when he was shot twice this statement again comes from source c. Also the civil rights march (bloody Sunday) was led by many people therefore whi...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis also known as ALS or Lou Gehrigs disease is a disease. This disease attacks nerve cell and pathways to the brain and the spain cord. The nerve cells that are being attacked control muscle function that control the body mean all motor function as well. When these cell get attacked the start to die off as a result to treat the muscles in the body start to weaken and cause difficulty with speaking, swallowing and breathing. This disease can cause people to stop breathing as well. It is a rare disease that only 20,000 to 30,000 people in the USA are found with this disease. However it is the most common motor mondo disease among adults. About 5,000 people is diagnosed with this disease per year. It normale shown in people in the age of 40 to 60 but there are some causes that people have it when younger. Men are more likely to get this disease than women. There is a 5 to 10 percent chance that that this disease can be hereditary. If a parent has ALS there i s a 50 percent chances that there child will get this disease. They also found out that in certain places there are is a lower rate of people with ALS these countries include Mexico, Poland and Italy. People with ALS lives has been improving a bit with the new teacher that is being found out about it but this diese still is hard for families and individuals. Today about 10 percent of patients live over ten years after being diagnosed. Twenty live up to five years and more. Then fifty percent of pantion live three years or more. However 80 percent of passion die between two and five years after diagnostic. No one for sure know how ALS caused and who can be expected to get ALS. In most cases about 90 to 95 percent of them do not have a known cause. Some teachers are looking at different thing that they believe may be the cause of ALS. One belief it that is a gene mutation. They found out that various genetic mutations can lead to inherited ALS. This causes nearly the same symptoms as the non inherited form. Then there is chemical imbalances that they are looking at, people with ALS generally have higher level of glutamate. Glutamate is a chemical messenger in the brain and is ar ound the nerve cells in spinal fluid. Too much this chemical can be toxic to some nerve cells. They are also looking into disorganized immune response. This is when an individual immune system states eating there own normal cells. By this the body can start to kill it cell and may even kill itself. There evening looking at mishandling protein. Mishandled proteins within the nerve cells may lead to abnormal forms of proteins in these cells. By this it can cause nerve cells to be destroyed. They are also looking into smoking, Environmental toxin exposure and people in the military service. The diagnostic procedure for AlS is a complicated one. There is not one test or one procedure used to diagnose ALS. It can take up to a year or more to be diagnosed with ALS. To diagnosis ALS lab testing will be done. This includes blood, unian and thyroid function test to be performed. Another thing that is used is Muscle and or never biopsy. Which is where a piece of tissues is removed from a living body and is examined to see if anything look out of the ordinary. A spinal tap can be done as well. This is when the fluid in the spinal cord is evaluated by withdrawing some of that fluid from the spain. X-rays, MRI, and electro diagnostic test could and most likely be done as well to look at the muscles. The signs and symptoms of AlS. The first symptoms of this disease can go unnoticed. However, when time passes on the symptoms become worse. The cell start to die muscles start to weaken and muscle control can stop working.Arm and legs and usually the first to be affected. The starter to become weaker and The indulge with this disease ma y not be able to hold their own weight up evationly and my not be able to move there arms. Arm, shoulder, and the tongue can twitch and cramp. Feet and the ankle can start having less control and can not support ones weight. Breathing can become short and shalwar. The individual may need help with brother further on with this disease. THey may have a hard time swallowing and also may aspirate or inhale food and saliva in the lungs and chock. Most of these people with ALS dis by respiratory failures. Someone with ALS can become paralyzed and may not be able to speak. However ALS normally does not affect the five sense. Which is seeing, hearing, smell, taste and touch along with those the ability to think. There are different types of ALS and each type has there own symtoms that can very. One of the most common ALS in the Classical ALS this ALS affects upper and lower motor neurons cells. It affect more than two-thirds of people who Have ALS. Primary Lateral Sclerosis also known as PLS is a type of ALS. It also the rarest of all the type. The upper neurons is affected firs t. The lower neurons may not be affected for another 2 years but it normal affects the upper neurons the most. Progressive Bulbar Palsy i also know as PBP. This type of ALS starts to affect spanking, chewing and clawing first due to lower motor neurons deteriorate. About one fourth of people with ALS will get this type of ALS. Progressive Muscular Atrophy also known as PMA. This type the lower motor neurons is affected first and in about two years the upper neurons can be affect or may not be affected at all. This type normal stay in the lower neron. The last type that is known is Familial. This is a hereditary type of ALS five to ten percent of people in the USA can be affected. It is a fifty chance that if a parent has this disease it can be passed down to the children. There is not a lot of treatment. There is no cure for this disease. There is a medication that adds three to two ,months to someone life however all the symptoms are still there. They can also take other drug but this is to help cope with physical pain or mental health. People who has ALS can develop depression and can have panic attacks. They can take a physical therapy, occupational therapy and ar rehabilitation therapy. This is to try to help prevent joints from becoming imbolo and to try to slow down muscles weakness and anatomy. Living with ALS can become very difficult to that individual and for the people around them. Depending what type of ALS they have can have different effect. For they induvegele that need help breathing they may need a ventilation machine. They could also get An aneurysm diaphragm pacer system implanted in them that helps the diaphragm to move so the individual can breathe. There are also other thing that can be down to help with an indvical to breath. continuous positive airway pressure, bi-level positive airway pressure and tracheostomy are also some other thing that can help with people who need help breathing. When people start to lose the ability to speak they have to rely on technology and or other people to communicate for them. There also can be eating dificalcation. For these people the may need special cups and or silver where to eat and drink with. They may need a feeding tube or even go on a spection diet so they can eat. Cost of this disease can be very pricey. Medicare, equipment needed and even home health care can be expensive. It is important to look into health plan coverage and other programs for which an individual may be eligible for to help pay for the cost. Some of the thing that someone can look into is Social Security Disability, Medicare, Medicaid, and Veteran Affairs benefits. Due to the fact more people are learning about ALS more reacher is being done to understand this diese and to stop it from affecting people lives. One group that is doing fresher for this disease is the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or NINDS for short. They are the lead suporter of biomedical reaches in the world they look at the brain and nervous system. They are looking at the development and progress of this disease. They are also trying to figure out what people can be affected by ALS. They are looking into different thing they believe can be causes. One of theses is cellular defects. These scientists are trying to figure out how ALS- cause gene mutation and why it happens. They are trying to figure out how they mutation and have ir destruction of the neurons. TO do this they are using models to test this theory this includes fruit flies, zebrafish, and rodents. They found out that depending on what gene that it affect it affects a certain motor motion. THey also discovered that when a mutation motor neurons death and the defences in the cell because of this. Something they found is that that is affected is RNA molecules of processing and recycling of proteins is affect. They also found out some nerves cell can become inflamed and that can also play a big role in why the nerves cells die. They are also looking a stem cells. Saints would take blood and or skin form an indivagle with ALS and turn them to stem cells. By this the cells can become any type of cell in the indivages body including motor cells. That can replace the the mutated cells. ALS has affect quite a few peoples lives one person that it was Lou Gehrig. Which the disease can also be known as the Lou gehrig disease. He was a famous baseball player who was diagnosed with ALS at the age of 36. He was played for the New York Yankee as a first baseman. He had a record that stood for 60 years. It was the most consecutive baseball games played. Cause of this record he was known as Iron name. He had to retire in 1939 and died in 1941 due to the disease. Another person who was affected by this disease was Stephen Hawking. He is the longest person who have ever lived with this disease. Against odds he has lived over 40 years with ALS and he is still alive. He was diagnosed at that age of 21 and was told he was going to die before his 25 birthday. He is now 76. He is a scientist and is known as one of the most intelligent man alive. There are many other peopel who has been affected Kevin Tuner who was an american football fullback for eight seasons for the New England Patratirce and Philidaphina Egles.Stephen Hillenburg. He was an american cartooniestg, animation and a former marien biologiest. He was the creatrer of the telivtion searise of spongebob squarpants. He also directed it, pruduced it and witten it. SPreading Awareness of this disease became a goal to many. Many people did not hear of it. So in 2014 a former baseball college student Pete Frates that was diagnosed with ALS in 2012 at the age of 29. He wanted to bring awareness and to help get more money for rashy=church so he started the Ice Bucket changed. So far over 1.2 million people participated in this challenge. The ice bucket change is where a bucket of ice water dumped over their head and then donate money to the cuse . Since July 29, 2014, the ALS Association national office reported collecting $13.3 million in donations in the USA and counting was in 2014.

Radical criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Radical criminology - Essay Example The words pass on a certain importance for the "sender," and, in powerful correspondence, they ought to have the same significance for the "collector." Since words are alterable, they oblige expectation and understanding. Along these lines, numerous offenders are persuaded by the normal changing progress of this world to settle on their choices. Prior criminology exploration has accentuated the significance of review wrongdoing and misconduct inside the structure of the life-course or life-compass improvement (Sampson and Laub 1992). An existence course opens new inquiries in the investigation of abnormality, for example, the importance of certain pathways, directions, and life course in the life of a criminal. The former studies agree that directions, pathways, and moves are imperative and that a general hypothesis of wrongdoing ought to consolidate an existence course see (Farrington 1992) This paper investigates the potential commitment of typical connection to an existence course hypothesis of wrongdoing. It contends that such a perspective gives a hypothesis of the importance of life-course activities and a situational hypothesis of the instrument by which such moves interpret into criminal acts sustained in our public. Whilst there are numerous varieties on the radical subject in criminology, the term radical criminology has turned into a cynosure for viewpoints that make crucial the comprehension that certain demonstrations are law violations because certain individuals have the ability to make them so. The dependence on what has been seen as the oppositional ideal model, administrational criminology, which has a tendency to concentrate on the criminological classifications that administrations wish to highlight can be addressed. This model is sure about the thought that a criminal is not conceived characteristically yet is as an aftereffect of the earth in which they live in. Fundamentally, an individual is comprised of the whole result

Racial Relations in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Racial Relations in the U.S - Essay Example Another thing that became a major hindrance in the community is racial abuse. Racial abuse has resulted in diversified and serious effects on adolescents and adults. The effects of racial harassment have long-standing issues and may stretch through out the life span. Short term or long term bullying tend to have serious mental difficulties on adults. Adults who continue to bully get into serious troubles and commit crimes like, marital violence, child abuse etc. It also affects the cordial relationship between the family members and friends. Though inequalities still exists, it doesn't mean that there shouldn't be any racial and ethnical categorization. In the present world scenario utmost importance is given to human rights. Under United Nations resolution human rights to every citizen of every country should be considered as an important factor. It's every country's responsibility to protect its citizen's basic human rights. Human rights violation should be considered as a serious offence, legal and appropriate action should be taken against those who violate these rights Assessing student's abilities and disabilities is the major factor and teachers should strive to identify these issues. By identifying their strengths and weaknesses one can easily work on these issues. Self-confidence plays an important role in everyone's lives. It is the deciding factor that decides a winner and a loser. In US the Blacks are the largest immigrants. They migrated from the far lands of the black continent Africa. In the past, since these countries were not as developed as US and their socio-economic structure was on decline, many of the citizens were forced to work as slaves and have to migrate to US. In US, Black immigrants have less education and less skill set, even among Black women also. Apart from other groups these Blacks have less human capital, so they have very less employers in their group and it is indirectly affecting their economic status and social environment also. Gender inequality was always prevailed among the Blacks. Since they were not the major community and further more they were immigrants, they had to face the brunt of racial abuse. One of the reasons of racial abuse was, fear among the US citizens was losing the jobs to these immigrants. Since the Blacks were ready to work for fewer wages there always lies the danger of losing jobs. Most of the Blacks were more or less unskilled or semi-skilled. This makes them of losing jobs very often. This brings more responsibilities on average Black women. Now she has to work outside to meet the daily requirements and look after the family. Journal 2 Bullying and racial harassment were the most dreaded things that most of the blacks and their children experienced in the pre and post civil war. The major reasons to start bullying and racial abusing depends on the characters surrounding the respective environment (like parents, neighbors, etc.,), children will face the immediate effect since they are the immediate guardians to the children, if not this parents or teachers at school whoever are close to the children with respect to time get to influence them. Human beings develop or grow by observing the surroundings and so they are called as social animals. The madness of depression is the antithesis of violence. It is a storm indeed, but a storm of murk. Soon evident are the slowed-down responses, near

Whats Your Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Whats Your Philosophy Essay Upon the completion of the performance aid â€Å"What is Your Philosophy? † the ending results were social philosopher. A social philosopher gains interest in studying the society and society’s institutions, including what would make up an ideal society. Social philosophers dwell upon questions, such as how should society distribute goals, and do people have natural rights. Social philosophers possess three main key contributors, including Thomas Hobbs, John Rawls, and Jean Jacques Rousseau. This journal entry will look in-depth at major philosophy inquiries and approaches. How philosophy and culture interact in the development and thought. Finally conclude with a more in-depth analysis of the social philosopher and how it best describes myself, and cultural factors that influence the decision. Metaphysics, epistemology, moral, social, political, structuralism, deconstruction, eastern, postcolonial, and feminism are the major philosophical areas of inquiry. Metaphysics studies the nature of reality, looking into the relationship between mind and body, substance, accidents, events, and causation. With metaphysics the principle issues are what the nature of reality is, and does God exist. Epistemology is the study of nature and scope of knowledge, and whether it is possible or not. These types of philosophy’s principle issues are what knowledge is and what can be known. The moral branch of philosophy questions the best way to live, and concerning the questions about social behavior. Questions similar to what is moral judgment and what is morally right or wrong are popular in this philosophical branch. Social philosophy studies questions regarding social behaviors and also possesses the ability to address group dynamics, and ways that individuals group or act in union. The political philosophy is the study of state and advances to find answers to determine the justifications and ethically proper organizations (Moore Bruder, 2011, p. 13). Political philosophers ask questions, such as what form of political state is best and can a government restrict the liberty of its citizens. Structuralism focuses on the deep structure of language and how it relates to society. Deconstruction is a philosophical movement, and theory of literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions about certainty, identity, and truth. Deconstruction asserts that words can only refer to other words, and attempts to demonstrate how statements subvert its own meaning (Mifflin, 2009). Eastern philosophy studies how humans reach self-realization and live in harmony with the earth. Postcolonial philosophy studies how to achieve social justice and how to preserve oral history and tradition be for future generations. Feminism is the study of how men and women can enjoy equal rights. Feminism also studies how other schools of philosophy incorporate the feminist perspective. The interaction between philosophy and culture is that philosophy desires and seeks knowledge, and culture is the result of knowledge. Knowledge is a sequence of words containing meanings. The ‘codes’ increase and develop into more possibilities and meanings. The brain obtains the capability of understanding these ‘codes’ in the form of thoughts. The brains actions are permanent and during the time the individual is living has conscious thought. While individuals think about his or her thoughts or subconscious thinking individuals are performing actions with the world. Every individual’s culture assists in the nurturing of his or her thought process. Comparably, when individuals comes in contact with any philosophy, he or she will compare the philosophy ideas with their internal thoughts from the experiences. Social philosopher is the ending result of the performance aid. Social philosophers become spellbound with studying the society and institutions within the society. The performance aid was accurate in the findings, society, and individuals who compile to make society up fascinate me. The constant wondering of why individuals act, and do things the way they do is a question that individuals may never get the complete answer to. The compilation of life experiences gave myself the social philosopher characteristics. While growing up in a single parent home with the other parent lacking the ambition and drive to do what his responsibility was. As a child sitting back and studying the actions of the absent parent and listening to thought and comments being said drew the attention to many questions. The knowledge that society has made drastic changes in the way individuals act and actions they take, it is no wonder why one would become curious why society went downhill. What made individuals who reside in society change so much and lack the ability to do the right things. This week’s exercise gave insight to many thoughts and questions about myself that was not visible before. Gaining the understanding of how philosophy plays a role in the way an individual lives, interacts, and makes decisions. Looking further into the different philosophy’s and approaches proves there are many outlooks on different topics. How philosophy and culture interact in the development and thought. Finally, a closer look at the type of philosophical thoughts and reflections and what cultural factors influence this type of philosophy. As many individuals say as individuals gain knowledge, philosophies will change.

The Scarlet Letter: The Response to Sin Essay -- Theme of Sin in The S

We are all sinners. Although one may try hard not to sin, all humans eventually succumb at some time or another to sin. While people may not able to avoid the fate which awaits them, the power of free will allows people to decide how they will respond to sin. While some may respond with guilt and regret, others may react with a sense of redemption and a renewed sense of responsibility. Nathanial Hawthorne, an American author during the 19th century witnessed the power of sin to wreak havoc not only to an individual but a whole community. His novel The Scarlet Letter expresses this very idea by exposing the follies of mankind and the potentially detrimental effects of sin trough Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth who all affected by sin in different ways. Utilizing powerful symbols and light/dark imagery, Hawthorne conveys to the readers, through these characters, the power of how one’s response to sin can positively change an individual or gradually destroy one by spreading like a contagious disease and ultimately consuming the victim. Through Hester and the symbol of the scarlet letter, Hawthorne reveals how sin can be utilized to change a person for the better, in allowing for responsibility, forgiveness, and a renewed sense of pride. In a Puritan society that strongly condemns adultery one would expect Hester to leave society and never to return again, but that does not happen. Instead, Hester says, â€Å"Here†¦had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment; and so, perchance, the torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul, and work out another purity than that which she had lost; more saint-like, because the result of martyrdom.† Hes... ...to portray through Dimmesdale and Chillingworth, that without responsibility for wrongful deeds our world will eventually be destroyed just like these two individuals. However, Hawthorne, through the portrayal of Hester, shows that he has not given up on humanity. If our world is going to survive for future generations it has to model itself after Hester’s behavior. Yes, sin is inevitable but we must learn to respond to it with responsibility, forgiveness, and redemption rather than with guilt, revenge, and uncertainty. More importantly we must learn to remain honest and truthful in whatever action we carry out because in the end only God will have the power to grant us the ultimate forgiveness by saving us or damning us to Hell. Work Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "The Scarlet Letter." Nathaniel Hawthorne's Tales. Ed. James McIntosh. New York: Norton, 1987.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 33

Letter #4-November 29, 2006 Dear Pat, Tiffany informs me you are sincere, and from what she has told me about your new personality, it seems as though you are a completely transformed man. Whether this is the result of the accident, therapy, medication, or simply sheer willpower, you are to be congratulated, because this is no small feat. First allow me to say I recommended Huck Finn for your reading enjoyment only. I was not trying to send you a hidden message. Based on everything you have written and what Tiffany has told me – maybe you should read The Catcher in the Rye. It's about a young boy named Holden who has a hard time coping with reality. Holden wants to live in a childhood world for the rest of his life, which makes him a very beautiful and interesting character, but one who has trouble finding his place in the real world. At present, it seems as though you are having a hard time dealing with reality. Part of me thrills at the changes you have made, because your letters really do present a better man. But I also worry that this worldview you have developed is fragile, and may be what kept you in the neural health facility for so many years and is keeping you in your parents' basement for so many months. At some point you are going to have to leave the basement, Pat. You are going to have to get a jo b and earn money again, and then you might not be able to be the person you have been for the last few months. Of course I remember Massachusetts. We were so young, and the memory is beautiful. I'll carry it with me forever. But we WERE CHILDREN, Pat. That was more than a decade ago. I'm not the type of woman who would sleep in an economy motel anymore. Maybe you have again become the type of man who would whisk a woman away to Martha's Vineyard. Maybe you are experiencing some sort of second childhood. I don't know. But I do know you will NOT be experiencing a second childhood with me. I am not a child, Pat. I'm a woman who loves her current husband very much. My aim when I agreed to write you was never to allow you a second chance. My goal was not to allow you to reenter my life. I only wanted to give you a chance to say goodbye – to resolve any unresolved issues. I want to be clear about this. Nikki

Primal Fear – Psychology Connections

? Psychology 101 Spring 2010 Midterm Please answer the following questions based on the information contained in the movie and place in the drop box no later than 11:59 p. m. on FRIDAY 03/12/10; The film, Primal Fear is a psychological courtroom crime drama based on William Diehl’s novel of the same name. Steve Shagan and Ann Biderman wrote the movie’s adapted screenplay, which was brought to life by director Gregory Hoblit and released in 1996. Richard Gere stars as Martin Vail, a famed defense attorney who volunteers to represent a young boy accused of murder. Edward Norton plays the character of Aaron Stampler, a teenage alter boy charged with the gruesome murder of Archbishop Richard Rushman; who is portrayed by Stanley Anderson. Assistant District Attorney (and ex-girlfriend of Martin Vail) Janet Venable; played by Laura Linney, is assigned to prosecute Aaron’s murder case. Frances McDormand is cast as Doctor Molly Arrington, the Psychologist who discovers that Aaron suffers from Multiple Personality Disorder and has an alternate personality; a violent sociopath who calls himself Roy. Supporting performances: Alfre Woodard portrays Miriam Shoat, the Judge who presides over Aaron’s trial proceedings. John Mahoney is cast as John Shaughnessy, Chicago’s District Attorney. The beloved Archbishop of Chicago is brutally murdered in a gruesome manor; viciously stabbed multiple times, with letters and numbers carved into his chest, his fingers chopped off and eyes gouged out. Aaron Stampler is found fleeing the scene of the crime, covered in the Archbishop’s blood. After an extensive chase, the police eventually catch and apprehend Stampler. Criminal defense attorney Martin Vail watched the live man hunt on television; seeing an opportunity for publicity, Vail instantaneous met with Aaron and volunteered to represent his case. Vail questioned Aaron about the events that occurred before he was charged with The Archbishop’s murder. Aaron claims that he discovered the mutilated body of the deceased Bishop Rushman while attempting to return a book to Rushman’s library. Aaron also saw saw someone standing over The Archbishop’s body, who then attacked him; the last event he recalls before his memory blacked out. Nicknamed â€Å"The Butcher Boy† by the media, it appears that Aaron is already presumed guilty by the public. Martin Vail immediately starts the preparation of Aaron’s defense by gathering information about Aaron Stampler and Archbishop Rushman; Vail also orders a full psychiatric evaluation of Aaron. Assistant District Attorney Janet Venable is appointed to the prosecution Aaron’s case; on behalf of the state, she charges Stampler with first degree murder and seeks the death penalty as punishment. Janet Venable is not only the prosecuting attorney in Aaron’s trail, but also Martin Vail’s ex-girlfriend. Upon Vail’s investigation of The Archbishop, he discovers that Rushman invested money on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church which resulted in large losses of money to the city’s most powerful people; Vail also learned of the numerous death threats that were made to The Archbishop. In an attempt to find the exact cause of his black out and memory loss, Psychologist Molly Arrington performs a thorough psychological evaluation of Aaron. She discovers that years of abuse have caused Aaron to develop multiple personality disorder; Roy, Aaron’s alter ego is introduced to the audience. Martin encounters another of Rushman’s Altar boys, who accuses The Archbishop of sexual abuse and claims that such events can be proved by video recording; this uncovers the sinister truth of Rushman’s demonic secrets. Vail discovers the video in The Archbishop’s home; the tape displays Rushman forcing Aaron, his girlfriend Linda and the other Altar boy to participate in repulsive sexual acts. Vail rushes to the jail cell, confronts Aaron with his discovery, and accuses him of hiding the truth; Vail violently badgers Aaron, attempting to force a confession of guilt. After continuous harassment from Vail, Aaron snaps, causing his alternate persona â€Å"Roy† to surface and fight back against Vail. We learn that â€Å"Roy† killed The Archbishop and Aaron is truly insane. Martin Vail cannot change Aaron’s trial plea from â€Å"not guilty† to â€Å"guilty by reason of mental insanity†, Vail must come up with evidence that will prove Aaron’s innocence. During the trial proceedings, witnesses are questioned and Aaron is cross examined by Martin Vail and Janet Venable. Martin attempts to anger Aaron with the hope that it will trigger the appearance of â€Å"Roy†. After no success, Vail is finished questioning Aaron and Venable begins to ask him about his involvement in The Bishop’s murder. Aaron becomes enraged with Venable’s questions and attitude, he loses control of his anger and â€Å"Roy† replaces Aaron while on the witness stand. â€Å"Roy† curses at Venable, jumps from his seat and attacks Janet; threatening to break the A. D. A. ’s neck. The court officer’s eventually pry â€Å"Roy† from Venable and she is free from harm. â€Å"Roy† is handcuffed, taken from the courtroom and locked back into his jail cell. Judge Shoat pronounces Aaron Stampler medically ill and the trial is declared a mistrial. Martin Vail goes to Aaron’s cell and relays the good news; he will not be convicted of murder or face the death penalty and will instead be placed in a mental health facility. Upon leaving the jail cell, Vail is questioned by Aaron, who wonders if Ms. Venable’s neck is ok, and wants Vail to tell her he’s sorry for trying to harm her. Vail nods, and begins exiting the cell and comes to the realization that since the personality of â€Å"Roy† took over Aaron’s psyche while in court, he could not have known about his violent attack on Janet. Vail realizes that this means Aaron was faking his alternative personas and he tricked everyone into believing his innocence. Vail questions Aaron who admits to the fabrication of his entire act and claims that he murdered Archbishop Rushman in cold blood and got away with it. Martin Vail realizes he helped Aaron get away with murder; however he says nothing and slowly walks from the jail onto the street outside. â€Å"Primal Fear’s† main character is criminal defense attorney Martin Vail. Vail is a debonair, self-satisfied, egotistical legal hotshot; he flaunts his accomplishments, arrogance and enjoys seeing his name in the headlines. When Vail discovers a high profile murder case involving the mutilation of an Archbishop, he races at the opportunity to defend Aaron Stampler, the teenage boy accused of the crime. Vail’s character flaws are instantly presented to the audience, initially portraying a narcissist who’s only invested in defending Aaron for personal gain. After their interactions, Vail is troubled by his belief that Aaron is innocent. Martin Vail is motivated into unselfishness by the purity of Aaron Sampler. We begin to see the complexity of Martain Vail’s personality, and the multi-dimensions of his character. After indulging in hard liquor at a bar with a reporter, a candid conversation allows the audience to observe an extremely honest and sincere glimpse of the true virtues which motivate Martin Vail. During this vulnerable moment, Vail declares that he truly believes in the notion that all people are innocent until proven guilty, in the basic goodness of people; and he has faith that not all crimes are committed by bad people, some very, very good people do some very bad things. Judging Martin Vail’s initial actions during the start of the movie would result in a negative opinion Vail; we see him as selfish, cynical and corrupt. However, as Aaron’s story unravels and hidden secrets are revealed, we see Vail’s â€Å"multiple personalities†, and he evolves into a person with righteous morals and motives. â€Å"Primal Fear† has numerous victims who suffered because of the actions of other characters. The initial victim is Archbishop Rushman who is the victim of Aaron’s murder. However, another perspective could claim that Aaron was the victim of Bishop Rushman’s sexual abuse. Martin Vail could be seen as a victim of Aaron’s devious performance that tricked Vail and the court into believing in his insanity and innocence. Yet, the initial fame-loving behavior of Martin Vail and the selfish motives which encouraged his eagerness to represent Aaron Stampler was deceitful and Aaron’s best interest were exploited to better benefit Vail; these actions victimize Aaron. Psychology is used in â€Å"Primal Fear† in numerous ways. The movie’s main characters develop with complexity and are multidimensional in their emotions and behaviors. The film’s tagline; â€Å"sooner or later a man who wears two faces forgets which one is real†, explains this idea best. Our main characters all have multiple â€Å"faces†, and as the plot of Primal Fear develops, each character is faced with discoveries and revelations that change their ideas and alter their moral beliefs. Juxtaposition is literally exploding from every scene of this movie; and psychology can help us understand the motivations behind the characters actions. Martin Vail is initially a self obsessed, fame seeking, egotistical hotshot lawyer; who only does things that benefit him. As the film develops, events cause Vail to expose the more sincere parts of his motivations; as the outcome of Aaron’s trial looks grim, Vail literally portrays another side of his personality and we see a man who truly believes in the innocence of Aaron. This belief encourages Martin to work for the benefit of Aaron, and not concern himself with gaining any type of self profit. We see a transformation of Martin Vail as his actions go from selfish to selfless. The beloved and holy Archbishop Rushman is viewed as a savior and hero. When Rushman is found murdered, the media and people of Chicago paint image of Bishop Rushman as divine, righteous and saintly. Once again we discover information that changes our opinion of The Bishop from black to white. After Aaron’s fellow Altar Boy admits that Bishop Rushman had a dark, sinister secret; and he secretly forced Aaron, his girlfriend and him to perform numerous sexual acts on film. The Archbishop went from being regarded as holy to sexually satanic. The character of Aaron Stampler best portrays the ideas of psychology. Initially appearing weak and innocent, the stuttering Choir Boy illustrates a convincing story that causes the other characters and the audience to believe him. After appearing to have multiple personality disorder; Aaron is taken over by his alternative persona â€Å"Roy†, a violent sociopath who admits to murdering Archbishop Rushman. Aaron and Roy are complete opposite in their demeanor, actions and behaviors. At the end of the film we find that Aaron’s mindset it really that of Roy, and he had faked his entire shuddering and weak alternate personality. Martain Vail discovers this information too, and although he knows Aaron is a cold blood killer, he exits the jail and does not confess Aaron’s trick to anyone. Maybe Vail feels bad for Aaron because he was sexually abused, and he believes that Aaron killed the Archbishop because he terrorized his life; Vail may not think Aaron is an evil person, just a good person who did a very, very bad thing.

Queer Aztlan essays

Queer Aztlan essays When one is raised in a Latin family, they are brought up with certain traditions and most importantly certain morals. And being a gay or lesbian is one of those morals, which one should never challenge. In the essay of Queer Aztlan, Cherrie Moraga explains the struggle she went through to find her self in a community that would not accept her kind. At the fore front of the Chicano movement, Cherrie was very eager to find her place. She knew that her voice was strong; the only hard part was that she wanted to express her views not only as young Chicana, but of a lesbian Chicana. In the essay Cherrie talks about the chicano movement and how it was a machismo dominated movement. The feminist voice was not heard, and openly gay men and lesbians were not accepted. Many critics believe that the movement died out in the seventies, but as Cherrie explains El movimiento did not die out in the seventies; it was only deformed by the machismo and homophobia of that era. At the time in the world AIDS was the big story on the news, and it seemed as though the media portrayed AIDS as a disease carried only by gay men. With the way the chiano community viewed gays and lesbians, Cherrie felt that there was no way she could address how she felt within in this barricaded community. The other main point Cherrie brings are her feelings towards Aztlan (Homeland). To her Aztlan gave language to a nameless anhelo inside me, Aztlan seemed like the heart of Chicano nationalism; the right to control there resources, language, and cultural traditions, these were the rights guaranteed to the people by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. She felt that the rights guaranteed were never rights at all, Aztlan was now in the hands of the Anglo, and the once sacred land; would never be sacred again. One could only agree with Cherrie as the theory of land is power was put to action after the Mexican-Ame ...

Toxicity testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Toxicity testing - Essay Example Thus, chronic testing extends over a longer period than the sub chronic testing. The observation period for sub chronic testing is about three months, while the observation period for chronic testing is about twelve to twenty-four months (Hamilton, 1977). Sub chronic testing usually involves lesser group of animals than chronic testing. While chronic testing could involve a large group of animals of about twenty for each sex (for rodents), sub chronic testing could take about ten for each sex (for rodents) (Hamilton, 1977). The name sub chronic testing is even an indicator that it involves a lower level of toxicity testing o the chronic testing. In carrying out the toxicity experiment, there are several factors that should be considered in order to determine the most suitable toxicity method. It should be noted that, if a large group of animals is involved, the chronic testing method is preferred, but if it is only a few group of animals, the sub chronic testing method is preferred over the chronic testing

Advertisement Campaign for an Expensive Chocolate Essay

Advertisement Campaign for an Expensive Chocolate - Essay Example But, over the years, because of growing competition and increased number of identical products in the market, it has become a necessity rather than a luxury. Today, no product enter the market before a formal and well planned product launching and advertisement campaign. Regardless of the media or method selected, the main aim of advertisement is to convince the target audience that they have a need for the product. Through advertisement, the suppliers are trying to create an image about the product with the help of linguistic and artistic elements. The present research paper looks on how an advertisement campaign for an expensive chocolate be planned and implemented effectively through television channels to reach its target audience. The paper takes a narrative approach for explaining the various aspects of advertisement campaign and its effectiveness to the business.Planning gives a detailed blue print of what and how it is done at various stages of campaign. The present campaign is planned to be conducted during the period from November 08 and Easter period in Mar 09. This is based on the logic that the target audience is expected to spend more during this period for purchasing chocolates.The company is a chocolate manufacturing firm in the U.K. which has been in existence for some time in the market doing similar business. The new product is an addition to company's product lines, all of which have a sound customer support and brand equity. The new product which focuses on the customers, who are in the age group of 24 to 65, uses an innovative imported technology and it is going to capture the market in the next six months. The product and Brand name The product is chocolate, which has exceptional features than that available in the market. The company claims that the content of chocolate is highly recommended for the health of 24 to 65 age group. The brand name decided for the product is Igma. The brand name 'Igma' is registered and trade mark for the same has already been sanctioned by the authority concerned. The word 'Igma' is written using special letters, which the company developed in consultation with the advertisement agency. Objectives of Advertisement Campaign The objectives of advertisement campaign cannot be separated from the marketing strategy of the firm, which in turn is associated with the overall objectives of the firm. However, the present advertisement campaign has the following specific objectives: 1. To disseminate knowledge about the company, its values to the customers and to the general public. 2. To pass message about the brand, price, other promotions and distributions (Setting the advertising objective, p.2) 3. To create awareness about chocolates in general and Igma in particular 4. To create a distinct brand image apart from other similar brands 5. To stimulate the customers to purchase the product Target Audience The company has already fixed the target audience for Igma. They belong to the age group of 24 to 65 men and women. Normally, this group does not take chocolates as a habit. But, in certain occasions like birth day celebrations, at new year party, and festivals such as Christmas, they prefer chocolates to other traditional snacks for consumption as well as for offering gifts. Setting the Advertisement Budget The budget deals with finance part of campaign. It is more important in the sense that finance is